{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Day 2 AM: Analyzing data with `dplyr`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(tidyverse))\n",
    "suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(stringr))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Chaining data transformations with pipe (`%>%`)\n",
    "\n",
    "We will operate on data incrementally, step by step. At each step, we take a `data.frame`, apply a function to it, and generate a different `data.frame`. This `data.frame` itself can be modified by another function, leading to a chain of operations that all take a `data.frame` as input and return a `data.frame` as output. A convenient idiom (borrowed from the Unix shell) is to connect adjacent functions in the chain by a **pipe** which takes the output of a function and feeds it as input to the next function. The **pipe** operator in R is denoted by `%>%`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### A simple piping example\n",
    "\n",
    "Here we use piping to show rows 6-10 of the iris `data.frame`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Species</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.1   </td><td>3.5   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.9   </td><td>3.0   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.7   </td><td>3.2   </td><td>1.3   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.6   </td><td>3.1   </td><td>1.5   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.0   </td><td>3.6   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.4   </td><td>3.9   </td><td>1.7   </td><td>0.4   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.6   </td><td>3.4   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.3   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.0   </td><td>3.4   </td><td>1.5   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.4   </td><td>2.9   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.9   </td><td>3.1   </td><td>1.5   </td><td>0.1   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Species\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 5.1    & 3.5    & 1.4    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.9    & 3.0    & 1.4    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.7    & 3.2    & 1.3    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.6    & 3.1    & 1.5    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 5.0    & 3.6    & 1.4    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 5.4    & 3.9    & 1.7    & 0.4    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.6    & 3.4    & 1.4    & 0.3    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 5.0    & 3.4    & 1.5    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.4    & 2.9    & 1.4    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.9    & 3.1    & 1.5    & 0.1    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Species | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 5.1    | 3.5    | 1.4    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.9    | 3.0    | 1.4    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.7    | 3.2    | 1.3    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.6    | 3.1    | 1.5    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 5.0    | 3.6    | 1.4    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 5.4    | 3.9    | 1.7    | 0.4    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.6    | 3.4    | 1.4    | 0.3    | setosa | \n",
       "| 5.0    | 3.4    | 1.5    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.4    | 2.9    | 1.4    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.9    | 3.1    | 1.5    | 0.1    | setosa | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\n",
       "1  5.1          3.5         1.4          0.2         setosa \n",
       "2  4.9          3.0         1.4          0.2         setosa \n",
       "3  4.7          3.2         1.3          0.2         setosa \n",
       "4  4.6          3.1         1.5          0.2         setosa \n",
       "5  5.0          3.6         1.4          0.2         setosa \n",
       "6  5.4          3.9         1.7          0.4         setosa \n",
       "7  4.6          3.4         1.4          0.3         setosa \n",
       "8  5.0          3.4         1.5          0.2         setosa \n",
       "9  4.4          2.9         1.4          0.2         setosa \n",
       "10 4.9          3.1         1.5          0.1         setosa "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "head(iris, n=10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th></th><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Species</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=row>6</th><td>5.4   </td><td>3.9   </td><td>1.7   </td><td>0.4   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=row>7</th><td>4.6   </td><td>3.4   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.3   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=row>8</th><td>5.0   </td><td>3.4   </td><td>1.5   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=row>9</th><td>4.4   </td><td>2.9   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=row>10</th><td>4.9   </td><td>3.1   </td><td>1.5   </td><td>0.1   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllll}\n",
       "  & Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Species\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t6 & 5.4    & 3.9    & 1.7    & 0.4    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t7 & 4.6    & 3.4    & 1.4    & 0.3    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t8 & 5.0    & 3.4    & 1.5    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t9 & 4.4    & 2.9    & 1.4    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t10 & 4.9    & 3.1    & 1.5    & 0.1    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "| <!--/--> | Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Species | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 6 | 5.4    | 3.9    | 1.7    | 0.4    | setosa | \n",
       "| 7 | 4.6    | 3.4    | 1.4    | 0.3    | setosa | \n",
       "| 8 | 5.0    | 3.4    | 1.5    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 9 | 4.4    | 2.9    | 1.4    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 10 | 4.9    | 3.1    | 1.5    | 0.1    | setosa | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\n",
       "6  5.4          3.9         1.7          0.4         setosa \n",
       "7  4.6          3.4         1.4          0.3         setosa \n",
       "8  5.0          3.4         1.5          0.2         setosa \n",
       "9  4.4          2.9         1.4          0.2         setosa \n",
       "10 4.9          3.1         1.5          0.1         setosa "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% head(n=10) %>% tail(n=5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Filtering rows with `filter`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Species</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>7.0       </td><td>3.2       </td><td>4.7       </td><td>1.4       </td><td>versicolor</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>6.4       </td><td>3.2       </td><td>4.5       </td><td>1.5       </td><td>versicolor</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>6.9       </td><td>3.1       </td><td>4.9       </td><td>1.5       </td><td>versicolor</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Species\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 7.0        & 3.2        & 4.7        & 1.4        & versicolor\\\\\n",
       "\t 6.4        & 3.2        & 4.5        & 1.5        & versicolor\\\\\n",
       "\t 6.9        & 3.1        & 4.9        & 1.5        & versicolor\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Species | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 7.0        | 3.2        | 4.7        | 1.4        | versicolor | \n",
       "| 6.4        | 3.2        | 4.5        | 1.5        | versicolor | \n",
       "| 6.9        | 3.1        | 4.9        | 1.5        | versicolor | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species   \n",
       "1 7.0          3.2         4.7          1.4         versicolor\n",
       "2 6.4          3.2         4.5          1.5         versicolor\n",
       "3 6.9          3.1         4.9          1.5         versicolor"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% filter(Species == \"versicolor\") %>% head(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Species</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>7.0       </td><td>3.2       </td><td>4.7       </td><td>1.4       </td><td>versicolor</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>6.4       </td><td>3.2       </td><td>4.5       </td><td>1.5       </td><td>versicolor</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>6.9       </td><td>3.1       </td><td>4.9       </td><td>1.5       </td><td>versicolor</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Species\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 7.0        & 3.2        & 4.7        & 1.4        & versicolor\\\\\n",
       "\t 6.4        & 3.2        & 4.5        & 1.5        & versicolor\\\\\n",
       "\t 6.9        & 3.1        & 4.9        & 1.5        & versicolor\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Species | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 7.0        | 3.2        | 4.7        | 1.4        | versicolor | \n",
       "| 6.4        | 3.2        | 4.5        | 1.5        | versicolor | \n",
       "| 6.9        | 3.1        | 4.9        | 1.5        | versicolor | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species   \n",
       "1 7.0          3.2         4.7          1.4         versicolor\n",
       "2 6.4          3.2         4.5          1.5         versicolor\n",
       "3 6.9          3.1         4.9          1.5         versicolor"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% filter(Sepal.Length > 6) %>% head(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Species</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>6.3      </td><td>3.3      </td><td>6.0      </td><td>2.5      </td><td>virginica</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>7.1      </td><td>3.0      </td><td>5.9      </td><td>2.1      </td><td>virginica</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>6.3      </td><td>2.9      </td><td>5.6      </td><td>1.8      </td><td>virginica</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Species\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 6.3       & 3.3       & 6.0       & 2.5       & virginica\\\\\n",
       "\t 7.1       & 3.0       & 5.9       & 2.1       & virginica\\\\\n",
       "\t 6.3       & 2.9       & 5.6       & 1.8       & virginica\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Species | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 6.3       | 3.3       | 6.0       | 2.5       | virginica | \n",
       "| 7.1       | 3.0       | 5.9       | 2.1       | virginica | \n",
       "| 6.3       | 2.9       | 5.6       | 1.8       | virginica | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species  \n",
       "1 6.3          3.3         6.0          2.5         virginica\n",
       "2 7.1          3.0         5.9          2.1         virginica\n",
       "3 6.3          2.9         5.6          1.8         virginica"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% filter((Sepal.Length > 6) & (Species == \"virginica\")) %>% head(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Species</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>7.0       </td><td>3.2       </td><td>4.7       </td><td>1.4       </td><td>versicolor</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>6.4       </td><td>3.2       </td><td>4.5       </td><td>1.5       </td><td>versicolor</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>6.9       </td><td>3.1       </td><td>4.9       </td><td>1.5       </td><td>versicolor</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Species\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 7.0        & 3.2        & 4.7        & 1.4        & versicolor\\\\\n",
       "\t 6.4        & 3.2        & 4.5        & 1.5        & versicolor\\\\\n",
       "\t 6.9        & 3.1        & 4.9        & 1.5        & versicolor\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Species | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 7.0        | 3.2        | 4.7        | 1.4        | versicolor | \n",
       "| 6.4        | 3.2        | 4.5        | 1.5        | versicolor | \n",
       "| 6.9        | 3.1        | 4.9        | 1.5        | versicolor | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species   \n",
       "1 7.0          3.2         4.7          1.4         versicolor\n",
       "2 6.4          3.2         4.5          1.5         versicolor\n",
       "3 6.9          3.1         4.9          1.5         versicolor"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% filter(Sepal.Length > mean(Sepal.Length)) %>% head(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Species</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>6.3      </td><td>3.3      </td><td>6.0      </td><td>2.5      </td><td>virginica</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.8      </td><td>2.7      </td><td>5.1      </td><td>1.9      </td><td>virginica</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>7.1      </td><td>3.0      </td><td>5.9      </td><td>2.1      </td><td>virginica</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Species\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 6.3       & 3.3       & 6.0       & 2.5       & virginica\\\\\n",
       "\t 5.8       & 2.7       & 5.1       & 1.9       & virginica\\\\\n",
       "\t 7.1       & 3.0       & 5.9       & 2.1       & virginica\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Species | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 6.3       | 3.3       | 6.0       | 2.5       | virginica | \n",
       "| 5.8       | 2.7       | 5.1       | 1.9       | virginica | \n",
       "| 7.1       | 3.0       | 5.9       | 2.1       | virginica | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species  \n",
       "1 6.3          3.3         6.0          2.5         virginica\n",
       "2 5.8          2.7         5.1          1.9         virginica\n",
       "3 7.1          3.0         5.9          2.1         virginica"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% filter(str_detect(Species, \"virgin\")) %>% head(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Slicing rows by index\n",
    "\n",
    "We can do this via indexing, but using `slice` can be helpful for chaining of fluent commands."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Species</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.9   </td><td>3.0   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.7   </td><td>3.2   </td><td>1.3   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.6   </td><td>3.1   </td><td>1.5   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.4   </td><td>3.9   </td><td>1.7   </td><td>0.4   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.6   </td><td>3.4   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.3   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.0   </td><td>3.4   </td><td>1.5   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Species\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 4.9    & 3.0    & 1.4    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.7    & 3.2    & 1.3    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.6    & 3.1    & 1.5    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 5.4    & 3.9    & 1.7    & 0.4    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.6    & 3.4    & 1.4    & 0.3    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 5.0    & 3.4    & 1.5    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Species | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 4.9    | 3.0    | 1.4    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.7    | 3.2    | 1.3    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.6    | 3.1    | 1.5    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 5.4    | 3.9    | 1.7    | 0.4    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.6    | 3.4    | 1.4    | 0.3    | setosa | \n",
       "| 5.0    | 3.4    | 1.5    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\n",
       "1 4.9          3.0         1.4          0.2         setosa \n",
       "2 4.7          3.2         1.3          0.2         setosa \n",
       "3 4.6          3.1         1.5          0.2         setosa \n",
       "4 5.4          3.9         1.7          0.4         setosa \n",
       "5 4.6          3.4         1.4          0.3         setosa \n",
       "6 5.0          3.4         1.5          0.2         setosa "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% slice(c(2:4, 6:8))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Selecting columns with `select`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.4</td><td>0.2</td><td>5.1</td><td>3.5</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.4</td><td>0.2</td><td>4.9</td><td>3.0</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.3</td><td>0.2</td><td>4.7</td><td>3.2</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|llll}\n",
       " Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 1.4 & 0.2 & 5.1 & 3.5\\\\\n",
       "\t 1.4 & 0.2 & 4.9 & 3.0\\\\\n",
       "\t 1.3 & 0.2 & 4.7 & 3.2\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 1.4 | 0.2 | 5.1 | 3.5 | \n",
       "| 1.4 | 0.2 | 4.9 | 3.0 | \n",
       "| 1.3 | 0.2 | 4.7 | 3.2 | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Petal.Length Petal.Width Sepal.Length Sepal.Width\n",
       "1 1.4          0.2         5.1          3.5        \n",
       "2 1.4          0.2         4.9          3.0        \n",
       "3 1.3          0.2         4.7          3.2        "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% select(c(Petal.Length, Petal.Width, Sepal.Length, Sepal.Width)) %>% head(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.4</td><td>0.2</td><td>5.1</td><td>3.5</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.4</td><td>0.2</td><td>4.9</td><td>3.0</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.3</td><td>0.2</td><td>4.7</td><td>3.2</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|llll}\n",
       " Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 1.4 & 0.2 & 5.1 & 3.5\\\\\n",
       "\t 1.4 & 0.2 & 4.9 & 3.0\\\\\n",
       "\t 1.3 & 0.2 & 4.7 & 3.2\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 1.4 | 0.2 | 5.1 | 3.5 | \n",
       "| 1.4 | 0.2 | 4.9 | 3.0 | \n",
       "| 1.3 | 0.2 | 4.7 | 3.2 | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Petal.Length Petal.Width Sepal.Length Sepal.Width\n",
       "1 1.4          0.2         5.1          3.5        \n",
       "2 1.4          0.2         4.9          3.0        \n",
       "3 1.3          0.2         4.7          3.2        "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% select(c(3,4,1,2)) %>% head(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.1</td><td>3.5</td><td>1.4</td><td>0.2</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.9</td><td>3.0</td><td>1.4</td><td>0.2</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.7</td><td>3.2</td><td>1.3</td><td>0.2</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|llll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 5.1 & 3.5 & 1.4 & 0.2\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.9 & 3.0 & 1.4 & 0.2\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.7 & 3.2 & 1.3 & 0.2\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 5.1 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 0.2 | \n",
       "| 4.9 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 0.2 | \n",
       "| 4.7 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 0.2 | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width\n",
       "1 5.1          3.5         1.4          0.2        \n",
       "2 4.9          3.0         1.4          0.2        \n",
       "3 4.7          3.2         1.3          0.2        "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% select(-Species) %>% head(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.1</td><td>1.4</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.9</td><td>1.4</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.7</td><td>1.3</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|ll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Petal.Length\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 5.1 & 1.4\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.9 & 1.4\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.7 & 1.3\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Petal.Length | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 5.1 | 1.4 | \n",
       "| 4.9 | 1.4 | \n",
       "| 4.7 | 1.3 | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Petal.Length\n",
       "1 5.1          1.4         \n",
       "2 4.9          1.4         \n",
       "3 4.7          1.3         "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% select(contains(\"Length\")) %>% head(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Species</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.1   </td><td>3.5   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.9   </td><td>3.0   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.7   </td><td>3.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Species\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 5.1    & 3.5    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.9    & 3.0    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.7    & 3.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Species | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 5.1    | 3.5    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.9    | 3.0    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.7    | 3.2    | setosa | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Species\n",
       "1 5.1          3.5         setosa \n",
       "2 4.9          3.0         setosa \n",
       "3 4.7          3.2         setosa "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% select(starts_with(\"S\")) %>% head(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Renaming columns"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Type</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.1   </td><td>3.5   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.9   </td><td>3.0   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.7   </td><td>3.2   </td><td>1.3   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Type\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 5.1    & 3.5    & 1.4    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.9    & 3.0    & 1.4    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.7    & 3.2    & 1.3    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Type | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 5.1    | 3.5    | 1.4    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.9    | 3.0    | 1.4    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.7    | 3.2    | 1.3    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Type  \n",
       "1 5.1          3.5         1.4          0.2         setosa\n",
       "2 4.9          3.0         1.4          0.2         setosa\n",
       "3 4.7          3.2         1.3          0.2         setosa"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% rename(Type = Species) %>% head(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>SL</th><th scope=col>SW</th><th scope=col>PL</th><th scope=col>PW</th><th scope=col>Species</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.1   </td><td>3.5   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.9   </td><td>3.0   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.7   </td><td>3.2   </td><td>1.3   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllll}\n",
       " SL & SW & PL & PW & Species\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 5.1    & 3.5    & 1.4    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.9    & 3.0    & 1.4    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.7    & 3.2    & 1.3    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "SL | SW | PL | PW | Species | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 5.1    | 3.5    | 1.4    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.9    | 3.0    | 1.4    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.7    | 3.2    | 1.3    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  SL  SW  PL  PW  Species\n",
       "1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa \n",
       "2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa \n",
       "3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% rename(SL=Sepal.Length, SW=Sepal.Width, PW=Petal.Width, PL=Petal.Length) %>% head(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Sorting data with `arrange`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Species</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.3   </td><td>3.0   </td><td>1.1   </td><td>0.1   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.4   </td><td>2.9   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.4   </td><td>3.0   </td><td>1.3   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.4   </td><td>3.2   </td><td>1.3   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.5   </td><td>2.3   </td><td>1.3   </td><td>0.3   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.6   </td><td>3.1   </td><td>1.5   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Species\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 4.3    & 3.0    & 1.1    & 0.1    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.4    & 2.9    & 1.4    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.4    & 3.0    & 1.3    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.4    & 3.2    & 1.3    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.5    & 2.3    & 1.3    & 0.3    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.6    & 3.1    & 1.5    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Species | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 4.3    | 3.0    | 1.1    | 0.1    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.4    | 2.9    | 1.4    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.4    | 3.0    | 1.3    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.4    | 3.2    | 1.3    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.5    | 2.3    | 1.3    | 0.3    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.6    | 3.1    | 1.5    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\n",
       "1 4.3          3.0         1.1          0.1         setosa \n",
       "2 4.4          2.9         1.4          0.2         setosa \n",
       "3 4.4          3.0         1.3          0.2         setosa \n",
       "4 4.4          3.2         1.3          0.2         setosa \n",
       "5 4.5          2.3         1.3          0.3         setosa \n",
       "6 4.6          3.1         1.5          0.2         setosa "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% arrange(Sepal.Length) %>% head"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Species</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.3   </td><td>3.0   </td><td>1.1   </td><td>0.1   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.4   </td><td>3.2   </td><td>1.3   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.4   </td><td>3.0   </td><td>1.3   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.4   </td><td>2.9   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.5   </td><td>2.3   </td><td>1.3   </td><td>0.3   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.6   </td><td>3.6   </td><td>1.0   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Species\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 4.3    & 3.0    & 1.1    & 0.1    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.4    & 3.2    & 1.3    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.4    & 3.0    & 1.3    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.4    & 2.9    & 1.4    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.5    & 2.3    & 1.3    & 0.3    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\t 4.6    & 3.6    & 1.0    & 0.2    & setosa\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Species | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 4.3    | 3.0    | 1.1    | 0.1    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.4    | 3.2    | 1.3    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.4    | 3.0    | 1.3    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.4    | 2.9    | 1.4    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.5    | 2.3    | 1.3    | 0.3    | setosa | \n",
       "| 4.6    | 3.6    | 1.0    | 0.2    | setosa | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\n",
       "1 4.3          3.0         1.1          0.1         setosa \n",
       "2 4.4          3.2         1.3          0.2         setosa \n",
       "3 4.4          3.0         1.3          0.2         setosa \n",
       "4 4.4          2.9         1.4          0.2         setosa \n",
       "5 4.5          2.3         1.3          0.3         setosa \n",
       "6 4.6          3.6         1.0          0.2         setosa "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% arrange(Sepal.Length, desc(Sepal.Width)) %>% head"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Creating new columns with `mutate` and `transmute`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Species</th><th scope=col>Comb.Length</th><th scope=col>Comb.Width</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.1   </td><td>3.5   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td><td>6.5   </td><td>3.7   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.9   </td><td>3.0   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td><td>6.3   </td><td>3.2   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.7   </td><td>3.2   </td><td>1.3   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td><td>6.0   </td><td>3.4   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4.6   </td><td>3.1   </td><td>1.5   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td><td>6.1   </td><td>3.3   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.0   </td><td>3.6   </td><td>1.4   </td><td>0.2   </td><td>setosa</td><td>6.4   </td><td>3.8   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.4   </td><td>3.9   </td><td>1.7   </td><td>0.4   </td><td>setosa</td><td>7.1   </td><td>4.3   </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllllll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Species & Comb.Length & Comb.Width\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 5.1    & 3.5    & 1.4    & 0.2    & setosa & 6.5    & 3.7   \\\\\n",
       "\t 4.9    & 3.0    & 1.4    & 0.2    & setosa & 6.3    & 3.2   \\\\\n",
       "\t 4.7    & 3.2    & 1.3    & 0.2    & setosa & 6.0    & 3.4   \\\\\n",
       "\t 4.6    & 3.1    & 1.5    & 0.2    & setosa & 6.1    & 3.3   \\\\\n",
       "\t 5.0    & 3.6    & 1.4    & 0.2    & setosa & 6.4    & 3.8   \\\\\n",
       "\t 5.4    & 3.9    & 1.7    & 0.4    & setosa & 7.1    & 4.3   \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Species | Comb.Length | Comb.Width | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 5.1    | 3.5    | 1.4    | 0.2    | setosa | 6.5    | 3.7    | \n",
       "| 4.9    | 3.0    | 1.4    | 0.2    | setosa | 6.3    | 3.2    | \n",
       "| 4.7    | 3.2    | 1.3    | 0.2    | setosa | 6.0    | 3.4    | \n",
       "| 4.6    | 3.1    | 1.5    | 0.2    | setosa | 6.1    | 3.3    | \n",
       "| 5.0    | 3.6    | 1.4    | 0.2    | setosa | 6.4    | 3.8    | \n",
       "| 5.4    | 3.9    | 1.7    | 0.4    | setosa | 7.1    | 4.3    | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species Comb.Length\n",
       "1 5.1          3.5         1.4          0.2         setosa  6.5        \n",
       "2 4.9          3.0         1.4          0.2         setosa  6.3        \n",
       "3 4.7          3.2         1.3          0.2         setosa  6.0        \n",
       "4 4.6          3.1         1.5          0.2         setosa  6.1        \n",
       "5 5.0          3.6         1.4          0.2         setosa  6.4        \n",
       "6 5.4          3.9         1.7          0.4         setosa  7.1        \n",
       "  Comb.Width\n",
       "1 3.7       \n",
       "2 3.2       \n",
       "3 3.4       \n",
       "4 3.3       \n",
       "5 3.8       \n",
       "6 4.3       "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% mutate(Comb.Length=Sepal.Length + Petal.Length, \n",
    "                Comb.Width = Sepal.Width + Petal.Width) %>% head"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Mutate only columns where condition is TRUE"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Species</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.629241  </td><td>1.252763  </td><td>0.3364722 </td><td>-1.6094379</td><td>setosa    </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.589235  </td><td>1.098612  </td><td>0.3364722 </td><td>-1.6094379</td><td>setosa    </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.547563  </td><td>1.163151  </td><td>0.2623643 </td><td>-1.6094379</td><td>setosa    </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.526056  </td><td>1.131402  </td><td>0.4054651 </td><td>-1.6094379</td><td>setosa    </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.609438  </td><td>1.280934  </td><td>0.3364722 </td><td>-1.6094379</td><td>setosa    </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.686399  </td><td>1.360977  </td><td>0.5306283 </td><td>-0.9162907</td><td>setosa    </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Species\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 1.629241   & 1.252763   & 0.3364722  & -1.6094379 & setosa    \\\\\n",
       "\t 1.589235   & 1.098612   & 0.3364722  & -1.6094379 & setosa    \\\\\n",
       "\t 1.547563   & 1.163151   & 0.2623643  & -1.6094379 & setosa    \\\\\n",
       "\t 1.526056   & 1.131402   & 0.4054651  & -1.6094379 & setosa    \\\\\n",
       "\t 1.609438   & 1.280934   & 0.3364722  & -1.6094379 & setosa    \\\\\n",
       "\t 1.686399   & 1.360977   & 0.5306283  & -0.9162907 & setosa    \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Species | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 1.629241   | 1.252763   | 0.3364722  | -1.6094379 | setosa     | \n",
       "| 1.589235   | 1.098612   | 0.3364722  | -1.6094379 | setosa     | \n",
       "| 1.547563   | 1.163151   | 0.2623643  | -1.6094379 | setosa     | \n",
       "| 1.526056   | 1.131402   | 0.4054651  | -1.6094379 | setosa     | \n",
       "| 1.609438   | 1.280934   | 0.3364722  | -1.6094379 | setosa     | \n",
       "| 1.686399   | 1.360977   | 0.5306283  | -0.9162907 | setosa     | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\n",
       "1 1.629241     1.252763    0.3364722    -1.6094379  setosa \n",
       "2 1.589235     1.098612    0.3364722    -1.6094379  setosa \n",
       "3 1.547563     1.163151    0.2623643    -1.6094379  setosa \n",
       "4 1.526056     1.131402    0.4054651    -1.6094379  setosa \n",
       "5 1.609438     1.280934    0.3364722    -1.6094379  setosa \n",
       "6 1.686399     1.360977    0.5306283    -0.9162907  setosa "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% mutate_if(is.numeric, log) %>% head"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Mutate columns that meet string criteria"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th><th scope=col>Species</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.629241 </td><td>3.5      </td><td>0.3364722</td><td>0.2      </td><td>setosa   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.589235 </td><td>3.0      </td><td>0.3364722</td><td>0.2      </td><td>setosa   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.547563 </td><td>3.2      </td><td>0.2623643</td><td>0.2      </td><td>setosa   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.526056 </td><td>3.1      </td><td>0.4054651</td><td>0.2      </td><td>setosa   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.609438 </td><td>3.6      </td><td>0.3364722</td><td>0.2      </td><td>setosa   </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.686399 </td><td>3.9      </td><td>0.5306283</td><td>0.4      </td><td>setosa   </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width & Species\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 1.629241  & 3.5       & 0.3364722 & 0.2       & setosa   \\\\\n",
       "\t 1.589235  & 3.0       & 0.3364722 & 0.2       & setosa   \\\\\n",
       "\t 1.547563  & 3.2       & 0.2623643 & 0.2       & setosa   \\\\\n",
       "\t 1.526056  & 3.1       & 0.4054651 & 0.2       & setosa   \\\\\n",
       "\t 1.609438  & 3.6       & 0.3364722 & 0.2       & setosa   \\\\\n",
       "\t 1.686399  & 3.9       & 0.5306283 & 0.4       & setosa   \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Species | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 1.629241  | 3.5       | 0.3364722 | 0.2       | setosa    | \n",
       "| 1.589235  | 3.0       | 0.3364722 | 0.2       | setosa    | \n",
       "| 1.547563  | 3.2       | 0.2623643 | 0.2       | setosa    | \n",
       "| 1.526056  | 3.1       | 0.4054651 | 0.2       | setosa    | \n",
       "| 1.609438  | 3.6       | 0.3364722 | 0.2       | setosa    | \n",
       "| 1.686399  | 3.9       | 0.5306283 | 0.4       | setosa    | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\n",
       "1 1.629241     3.5         0.3364722    0.2         setosa \n",
       "2 1.589235     3.0         0.3364722    0.2         setosa \n",
       "3 1.547563     3.2         0.2623643    0.2         setosa \n",
       "4 1.526056     3.1         0.4054651    0.2         setosa \n",
       "5 1.609438     3.6         0.3364722    0.2         setosa \n",
       "6 1.686399     3.9         0.5306283    0.4         setosa "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% mutate_at(c(\"Sepal.Length\", \"Petal.Length\"), log) %>% head"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Only keep mutated columns"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Comb.Length</th><th scope=col>Comb.Width</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>6.5</td><td>3.7</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>6.3</td><td>3.2</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>6.0</td><td>3.4</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>6.1</td><td>3.3</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>6.4</td><td>3.8</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>7.1</td><td>4.3</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|ll}\n",
       " Comb.Length & Comb.Width\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 6.5 & 3.7\\\\\n",
       "\t 6.3 & 3.2\\\\\n",
       "\t 6.0 & 3.4\\\\\n",
       "\t 6.1 & 3.3\\\\\n",
       "\t 6.4 & 3.8\\\\\n",
       "\t 7.1 & 4.3\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Comb.Length | Comb.Width | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 6.5 | 3.7 | \n",
       "| 6.3 | 3.2 | \n",
       "| 6.0 | 3.4 | \n",
       "| 6.1 | 3.3 | \n",
       "| 6.4 | 3.8 | \n",
       "| 7.1 | 4.3 | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Comb.Length Comb.Width\n",
       "1 6.5         3.7       \n",
       "2 6.3         3.2       \n",
       "3 6.0         3.4       \n",
       "4 6.1         3.3       \n",
       "5 6.4         3.8       \n",
       "6 7.1         4.3       "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% transmute(Comb.Length=Sepal.Length + Petal.Length,\n",
    "                   Comb.Width = Sepal.Width + Petal.Width) %>% head"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "####Multiple transformations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length_log</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width_log</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length_log</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width_log</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Length_sqrt</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width_sqrt</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length_sqrt</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width_sqrt</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.629241  </td><td>1.252763  </td><td>0.3364722 </td><td>-1.6094379</td><td>2.258318  </td><td>1.870829  </td><td>1.183216  </td><td>0.4472136 </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.589235  </td><td>1.098612  </td><td>0.3364722 </td><td>-1.6094379</td><td>2.213594  </td><td>1.732051  </td><td>1.183216  </td><td>0.4472136 </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.547563  </td><td>1.163151  </td><td>0.2623643 </td><td>-1.6094379</td><td>2.167948  </td><td>1.788854  </td><td>1.140175  </td><td>0.4472136 </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.526056  </td><td>1.131402  </td><td>0.4054651 </td><td>-1.6094379</td><td>2.144761  </td><td>1.760682  </td><td>1.224745  </td><td>0.4472136 </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.609438  </td><td>1.280934  </td><td>0.3364722 </td><td>-1.6094379</td><td>2.236068  </td><td>1.897367  </td><td>1.183216  </td><td>0.4472136 </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1.686399  </td><td>1.360977  </td><td>0.5306283 </td><td>-0.9162907</td><td>2.323790  </td><td>1.974842  </td><td>1.303840  </td><td>0.6324555 </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|llllllll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length\\_log & Sepal.Width\\_log & Petal.Length\\_log & Petal.Width\\_log & Sepal.Length\\_sqrt & Sepal.Width\\_sqrt & Petal.Length\\_sqrt & Petal.Width\\_sqrt\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 1.629241   & 1.252763   & 0.3364722  & -1.6094379 & 2.258318   & 1.870829   & 1.183216   & 0.4472136 \\\\\n",
       "\t 1.589235   & 1.098612   & 0.3364722  & -1.6094379 & 2.213594   & 1.732051   & 1.183216   & 0.4472136 \\\\\n",
       "\t 1.547563   & 1.163151   & 0.2623643  & -1.6094379 & 2.167948   & 1.788854   & 1.140175   & 0.4472136 \\\\\n",
       "\t 1.526056   & 1.131402   & 0.4054651  & -1.6094379 & 2.144761   & 1.760682   & 1.224745   & 0.4472136 \\\\\n",
       "\t 1.609438   & 1.280934   & 0.3364722  & -1.6094379 & 2.236068   & 1.897367   & 1.183216   & 0.4472136 \\\\\n",
       "\t 1.686399   & 1.360977   & 0.5306283  & -0.9162907 & 2.323790   & 1.974842   & 1.303840   & 0.6324555 \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length_log | Sepal.Width_log | Petal.Length_log | Petal.Width_log | Sepal.Length_sqrt | Sepal.Width_sqrt | Petal.Length_sqrt | Petal.Width_sqrt | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 1.629241   | 1.252763   | 0.3364722  | -1.6094379 | 2.258318   | 1.870829   | 1.183216   | 0.4472136  | \n",
       "| 1.589235   | 1.098612   | 0.3364722  | -1.6094379 | 2.213594   | 1.732051   | 1.183216   | 0.4472136  | \n",
       "| 1.547563   | 1.163151   | 0.2623643  | -1.6094379 | 2.167948   | 1.788854   | 1.140175   | 0.4472136  | \n",
       "| 1.526056   | 1.131402   | 0.4054651  | -1.6094379 | 2.144761   | 1.760682   | 1.224745   | 0.4472136  | \n",
       "| 1.609438   | 1.280934   | 0.3364722  | -1.6094379 | 2.236068   | 1.897367   | 1.183216   | 0.4472136  | \n",
       "| 1.686399   | 1.360977   | 0.5306283  | -0.9162907 | 2.323790   | 1.974842   | 1.303840   | 0.6324555  | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length_log Sepal.Width_log Petal.Length_log Petal.Width_log\n",
       "1 1.629241         1.252763        0.3364722        -1.6094379     \n",
       "2 1.589235         1.098612        0.3364722        -1.6094379     \n",
       "3 1.547563         1.163151        0.2623643        -1.6094379     \n",
       "4 1.526056         1.131402        0.4054651        -1.6094379     \n",
       "5 1.609438         1.280934        0.3364722        -1.6094379     \n",
       "6 1.686399         1.360977        0.5306283        -0.9162907     \n",
       "  Sepal.Length_sqrt Sepal.Width_sqrt Petal.Length_sqrt Petal.Width_sqrt\n",
       "1 2.258318          1.870829         1.183216          0.4472136       \n",
       "2 2.213594          1.732051         1.183216          0.4472136       \n",
       "3 2.167948          1.788854         1.140175          0.4472136       \n",
       "4 2.144761          1.760682         1.224745          0.4472136       \n",
       "5 2.236068          1.897367         1.183216          0.4472136       \n",
       "6 2.323790          1.974842         1.303840          0.6324555       "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% transmute_if(is.numeric, funs(log, sqrt)) %>% head"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Split-apply-combine with `group_by` and `summarize`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>mean</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5.843333</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|l}\n",
       " mean\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 5.843333\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "mean | \n",
       "|---|\n",
       "| 5.843333 | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  mean    \n",
       "1 5.843333"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% summarise(mean = mean(Sepal.Length)) %>% head"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Sepal.Length</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>876.5</td><td>458.6</td><td>563.7</td><td>179.9</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|llll}\n",
       " Sepal.Length & Sepal.Width & Petal.Length & Petal.Width\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 876.5 & 458.6 & 563.7 & 179.9\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | \n",
       "|---|\n",
       "| 876.5 | 458.6 | 563.7 | 179.9 | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width\n",
       "1 876.5        458.6       563.7        179.9      "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% summarise_if(is.numeric, sum) %>% head"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "### Split-apply-combine"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 80,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Species</th><th scope=col>count</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>setosa    </td><td>50        </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>versicolor</td><td>50        </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>virginica </td><td>50        </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|ll}\n",
       " Species & count\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t setosa     & 50        \\\\\n",
       "\t versicolor & 50        \\\\\n",
       "\t virginica  & 50        \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Species | count | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| setosa     | 50         | \n",
       "| versicolor | 50         | \n",
       "| virginica  | 50         | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Species    count\n",
       "1 setosa     50   \n",
       "2 versicolor 50   \n",
       "3 virginica  50   "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% \n",
    "group_by(Species) %>% \n",
    "summarise(count = n())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Species</th><th scope=col>SW.mean</th><th scope=col>SW.cv</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>setosa    </td><td>3.428     </td><td>9.043319  </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>versicolor</td><td>2.770     </td><td>8.827326  </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>virginica </td><td>2.974     </td><td>9.221802  </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lll}\n",
       " Species & SW.mean & SW.cv\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t setosa     & 3.428      & 9.043319  \\\\\n",
       "\t versicolor & 2.770      & 8.827326  \\\\\n",
       "\t virginica  & 2.974      & 9.221802  \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Species | SW.mean | SW.cv | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| setosa     | 3.428      | 9.043319   | \n",
       "| versicolor | 2.770      | 8.827326   | \n",
       "| virginica  | 2.974      | 9.221802   | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Species    SW.mean SW.cv   \n",
       "1 setosa     3.428   9.043319\n",
       "2 versicolor 2.770   8.827326\n",
       "3 virginica  2.974   9.221802"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% \n",
    "group_by(Species) %>% \n",
    "summarise(SW.mean = mean(Sepal.Width),\n",
    "          SW.cv = mean(Sepal.Width)/sd(Sepal.Width))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Species</th><th scope=col>min</th><th scope=col>max</th><th scope=col>mean</th><th scope=col>median</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>setosa    </td><td>4.3       </td><td>5.8       </td><td>5.006     </td><td>5.0       </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>versicolor</td><td>4.9       </td><td>7.0       </td><td>5.936     </td><td>5.9       </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>virginica </td><td>4.9       </td><td>7.9       </td><td>6.588     </td><td>6.5       </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllll}\n",
       " Species & min & max & mean & median\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t setosa     & 4.3        & 5.8        & 5.006      & 5.0       \\\\\n",
       "\t versicolor & 4.9        & 7.0        & 5.936      & 5.9       \\\\\n",
       "\t virginica  & 4.9        & 7.9        & 6.588      & 6.5       \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Species | min | max | mean | median | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| setosa     | 4.3        | 5.8        | 5.006      | 5.0        | \n",
       "| versicolor | 4.9        | 7.0        | 5.936      | 5.9        | \n",
       "| virginica  | 4.9        | 7.9        | 6.588      | 6.5        | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Species    min max mean  median\n",
       "1 setosa     4.3 5.8 5.006 5.0   \n",
       "2 versicolor 4.9 7.0 5.936 5.9   \n",
       "3 virginica  4.9 7.9 6.588 6.5   "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% \n",
    "group_by(Species) %>% \n",
    "summarise_at(\"Sepal.Length\", funs(min, max, mean, median))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>Species</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Length_min</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width_min</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length_min</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width_min</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Length_max</th><th scope=col>Sepal.Width_max</th><th scope=col>Petal.Length_max</th><th scope=col>Petal.Width_max</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>setosa    </td><td>4.3       </td><td>2.3       </td><td>1.0       </td><td>0.1       </td><td>5.8       </td><td>4.4       </td><td>1.9       </td><td>0.6       </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>versicolor</td><td>4.9       </td><td>2.0       </td><td>3.0       </td><td>1.0       </td><td>7.0       </td><td>3.4       </td><td>5.1       </td><td>1.8       </td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>virginica </td><td>4.9       </td><td>2.2       </td><td>4.5       </td><td>1.4       </td><td>7.9       </td><td>3.8       </td><td>6.9       </td><td>2.5       </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllllllll}\n",
       " Species & Sepal.Length\\_min & Sepal.Width\\_min & Petal.Length\\_min & Petal.Width\\_min & Sepal.Length\\_max & Sepal.Width\\_max & Petal.Length\\_max & Petal.Width\\_max\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t setosa     & 4.3        & 2.3        & 1.0        & 0.1        & 5.8        & 4.4        & 1.9        & 0.6       \\\\\n",
       "\t versicolor & 4.9        & 2.0        & 3.0        & 1.0        & 7.0        & 3.4        & 5.1        & 1.8       \\\\\n",
       "\t virginica  & 4.9        & 2.2        & 4.5        & 1.4        & 7.9        & 3.8        & 6.9        & 2.5       \\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "Species | Sepal.Length_min | Sepal.Width_min | Petal.Length_min | Petal.Width_min | Sepal.Length_max | Sepal.Width_max | Petal.Length_max | Petal.Width_max | \n",
       "|---|---|---|\n",
       "| setosa     | 4.3        | 2.3        | 1.0        | 0.1        | 5.8        | 4.4        | 1.9        | 0.6        | \n",
       "| versicolor | 4.9        | 2.0        | 3.0        | 1.0        | 7.0        | 3.4        | 5.1        | 1.8        | \n",
       "| virginica  | 4.9        | 2.2        | 4.5        | 1.4        | 7.9        | 3.8        | 6.9        | 2.5        | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Species    Sepal.Length_min Sepal.Width_min Petal.Length_min Petal.Width_min\n",
       "1 setosa     4.3              2.3             1.0              0.1            \n",
       "2 versicolor 4.9              2.0             3.0              1.0            \n",
       "3 virginica  4.9              2.2             4.5              1.4            \n",
       "  Sepal.Length_max Sepal.Width_max Petal.Length_max Petal.Width_max\n",
       "1 5.8              4.4             1.9              0.6            \n",
       "2 7.0              3.4             5.1              1.8            \n",
       "3 7.9              3.8             6.9              2.5            "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "iris %>% \n",
    "group_by(Species) %>% \n",
    "summarise_all(funs(min, max))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "R",
   "language": "R",
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